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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vector</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вектор молодёжной медицинской науки</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The vector of youth medical science</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">3033-5663</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Курский государственный медицинский университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vector-42</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры литературы</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ОСОБЕННОСТИ ДИАГНОСТИКИ ТУБЕРКУЛЁЗА ОРГАНОВ ДЫХАНИЯ, НЕ ПОДТВЕРЖДЕННОГО БАКТЕРИОЛОГИЧЕСКИМИ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯМИ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title></trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2045-9607</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черников</surname><given-names>Александр Юрьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., доцент кафедры внутренних болезней ИНО </p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ale-cherny@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4844-8261</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Костюнин</surname><given-names>Илья Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студент 5 курса лечебного факультета</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ilia130302@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7585-2115</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лукашенко</surname><given-names>Артём Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студент 4 курса лечебного факультета</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">artem.lukasheneo.02@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9504-3112</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Халилова</surname><given-names>Мадина Эркиновна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студентка 4 курса лечебного факультета</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nematova.m.e@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>Курский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>1</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title>Вектор молодёжной медицинской науки</issue-title><fpage>171</fpage><lpage>178</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Черников А.Ю., Костюнин И.Н., Лукашенко А.В., Халилова М.Э., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Черников А.Ю., Костюнин И.Н., Лукашенко А.В., Халилова М.Э.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Черников А.Ю., Костюнин И.Н., Лукашенко А.В., Халилова М.Э.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vektor-journal.ru/jour/article/view/42">https://www.vektor-journal.ru/jour/article/view/42</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: изучение литературных данных для поиска достоверных методов диагностики туберкулёза органов дыхания у взрослых при отрицательных бактериологических исследованиях мокроты.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проанализировано 30 источников литературы, выявленных с помощью поисковых систем Elibrary.ru и MedLine.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Выявлены лучевые признаки туберкулёза органов дыхания, не подтвержденного бактериологически: центрилобулярные узлы, большие узлы, уплотнения, полостные изменения, миллиарные очаги, но чувствительность описанной лучевой картины может составлять 66,6-100%. Часто при туберкулёзе органов дыхания, не подтвержденном бактериологически, выявляются множественные очаговые и единичные или множественные фокусные тени в плащевой зоне лёгких без распада ткани, расположенные группами в пределах 1-2 сегментов или в виде солитарных теней в непосредственной близости с висцеральной или междолевой плеврой. «Дорожка» к корню, как правило, не определяется. Визуализируются тяжи к висцеральной плевре в периферической зоне лёгких, что отражает загруженность поверхностной лимфатической сети в этих отделах. Не выявляются лучевые признаки поражения бронхов, а при бронхоскопии определялась нормальная эндоскопическая картина. При отрицательных результатах микроскопии и посева мокроты подтверждение туберкулёза молекулярно-генетическими методами становится затруднительным из-за чувствительности 81,8% -91,4%. Чувствительность иммунологических тестов с использованием белков ESAT-6 и CFP-10 у взрослых в данной ситуации достигает 57,3-88,3%. Серологические методы исследования периферической крови на антитела к микобактерии туберкулёза и исследование мочи на липоарабиноманнан характеризуются еще более низкими показателями чувствительности от 27% до 48%. Исследование выдыхаемого воздуха при туберкулёзе пока достигает чувствительности 80%.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Диагностика туберкулёза органов дыхания без бактериологического подтверждения остаётся важнейшей проблемой современной медицины, так как многие лабораторные тесты не обладают достаточной чувствительностью и специфичностью, чтобы рекомендовать их в качестве единственного метода диагностики. При наличии лучевых симптомов, характерных для туберкулёза органов дыхания, необходимо подкрепить клиническую гипотезу о наличии этого заболевания двумя исследованиями: молекулярно-генетическим и иммунологическим или двумя иммунологическими. При отрицательных результатах провести гистологическое исследование. Неоднозначные результаты гистологического исследования позволяют рекомендовать курс пробной противотуберкулёзной терапии.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to study the literature data to search for reliable methods of diagnosing respiratory tuberculosis in adults with negative bacteriological sputum studies.Materials and methods. 30 literature sources identified using search engines were analyzed Elibrary.ru and MedLine.Results. Radiation signs of tuberculosis of the respiratory system, not confirmed bacteriologically, were revealed: centrilobular nodes, large nodes, seals, cavity changes, billion foci, but the sensitivity of the described radiation pattern may be 66.6-100%. Often, with tuberculosis of the respiratory system, which has not been confirmed bacteriologically, multiple focal and single or multiple focal shadows are detected in the mantle zone of the lungs without tissue decay, located in groups within 1-2 segments or in the form of solitary shadows in close proximity to the visceral or interlobular pleura. The "path" to the root is usually not defined. The cords to the visceral pleura in the peripheral zone of the lungs are visualized, which reflects the congestion of the superficial lymphatic network in these departments. There are no radiation signs of bronchial lesions, and bronchoscopy revealed a normal endoscopic picture. With negative results of microscopy and sputum culture, confirmation of tuberculosis by molecular genetic methods becomes difficult due to the sensitivity of 81.8% -91.4%. The sensitivity of immunological tests using ESAT-6 and CFP-10 proteins in adults in this situation reaches 57.3-88.3%. Serological methods of peripheral blood testing for antibodies to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and urine testing for lipoarabinomannan are characterized by even lower sensitivity rates from 27% to 48%. The study of exhaled air in tuberculosis has so far reached a sensitivity of 80%.Conclusion. The diagnosis of tuberculosis of the respiratory system without bacteriological confirmation remains the most important problem of modern medicine, since many laboratory tests do not have sufficient sensitivity and specificity to recommend them as the only diagnostic method. In the presence of radiation symptoms characteristic of tuberculosis of the respiratory system, it is necessary to support the clinical hypothesis of the presence of this disease with two studies: molecular genetic and immunological or two immunological. If the results are negative, perform a histological examination. The ambiguous results of the histological examination allow us to recommend a course of trial anti-tuberculosis therapy.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>туберкулёз</kwd><kwd>гамма-интерферон</kwd><kwd>липоарабиноманнан.&#13;
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